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references/citation-formats.md

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1# Citation Formats Quick Reference
2
3## APA 7 (American Psychological Association)
4
5Default format for social sciences, business, and product research.
6
7### Journal Article
8Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. *Title of Periodical*, *volume*(issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx
9
10**Example:**
11Smith, J., & Jones, K. (2023). Agile adoption in enterprise organizations. *Journal of Product Management*, *15*(2), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1234/jpm.2023.001
12
13### Book
14Author, A. A. (Year). *Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle*. Publisher.
15
16**Example:**
17Cagan, M. (2018). *Inspired: How to create tech products customers love*. Wiley.
18
19### Web Page
20Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). *Title of page*. Site Name. URL
21
22**Example:**
23Torres, T. (2024, January 15). *Continuous discovery in practice*. Product Talk. https://www.producttalk.org/discovery
24
25### In-Text Citation
26- Parenthetical: (Smith & Jones, 2023)
27- Narrative: Smith and Jones (2023) found that...
28- 3+ authors: (Patel et al., 2022)
29
30---
31
32## IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
33
34Standard for engineering, computer science, and technical research.
35
36### Format
37[N] A. Author, "Title of article," *Journal*, vol. X, no. Y, pp. Z–Z, Month Year, doi: 10.xxxx.
38
39### Journal Article
40[1] J. Smith and K. Jones, "Agile adoption in enterprise organizations," *J. Prod. Mgmt.*, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 45–62, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1234/jpm.2023.001.
41
42### Conference Paper
43[2] A. Patel, B. Chen, and C. Kumar, "Cross-functional team performance metrics," in *Proc. Int. Conf. Software Eng.*, 2022, pp. 112–119.
44
45### Book
46[3] M. Cagan, *Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love*. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2018.
47
48### In-Text Citation
49As shown in [1], agile adoption has increased...
50Multiple: [1], [3], [5]–[7]
51
52---
53
54## Chicago (Notes-Bibliography)
55
56Standard for humanities, history, and some business writing.
57
58### Footnote Format
591. First Name Last Name, *Title of Book* (Place: Publisher, Year), page.
602. First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," *Journal* Volume, no. Issue (Year): pages.
61
62### Bibliography Entry
63Last Name, First Name. *Title of Book*. Place: Publisher, Year.
64Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." *Journal* Volume, no. Issue (Year): pages.
65
66---
67
68## Harvard
69
70Common in UK and Australian academic writing.
71
72### Format
73Author, A.A. (Year) *Title of book*. Edition. Place: Publisher.
74Author, A.A. (Year) 'Title of article', *Journal*, Volume(Issue), pp. X–Y.
75
76### In-Text Citation
77(Smith and Jones, 2023)
78Smith and Jones (2023) argue that...
79
80---
81
82## MLA 9 (Modern Language Association)
83
84Standard for arts and humanities.
85
86### Format
87Last, First. *Title of Book*. Publisher, Year.
88Last, First. "Title of Article." *Journal*, vol. X, no. Y, Year, pp. Z–Z.
89
90### In-Text Citation
91(Smith and Jones 45)
92Smith and Jones argue that "direct quote" (45).
93
94---
95
96## Quick Decision Guide
97
98| Field / Context | Recommended Format |
99|----------------|-------------------|
100| Social sciences, business, psychology | APA 7 |
101| Engineering, computer science, technical | IEEE |
102| Humanities, history, arts | Chicago or MLA |
103| UK/Australian academic | Harvard |
104| Internal business reports | APA 7 (most widely recognized) |
105| Product research briefs | APA 7 |

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