会议议程与行动清单

判断是否需要开会，整理带时长和目标的议程，把会议笔记转换为负责人、截止日期明确的行动项。

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references/meeting_cost_canon.md

1	# Meeting Cost Canon — what a meeting really costs, and the should-this-exist gate
2
3	The first discipline of the `meetings` skill is treating a meeting as a purchase. Nobody would sign
4	a $600 invoice without asking what it buys, yet a six-person hour at a $90 fully-loaded rate is
5	exactly that — approved with one calendar click. This file documents the canon behind
6	`meeting_cost_calculator.py`: why the price must be said out loud, why the refocus overhead is real,
7	and why "no decision, no meeting" is the correct default.
8
9	## The scale of the problem
10
11	- Executives average ~23 hours a week in meetings, up from under 10 hours in the 1960s, and 71%
12	of senior managers surveyed said meetings are unproductive and inefficient (Leslie Perlow,
13	Constance Noonan Hadley & Eunice Eun, "Stop the Meeting Madness," Harvard Business Review,
14	July–August 2017). Perlow et al.'s core finding: dysfunctional meeting cultures self-perpetuate
15	because no individual meeting ever gets billed for its cost.
16	- Most meetings fail by design, not execution. Steven Rogelberg's research program (surveying
17	thousands of employees and leaders) finds roughly half of meeting time is rated ineffective by
18	attendees, and the strongest lever is what happens before the meeting: whether it should exist,
19	who is invited, and what the agenda demands (Steven G. Rogelberg, *The Surprising Science of
20	Meetings*, Oxford University Press, 2019).
21	- Deleting meetings works. Shopify started 2023 by removing all recurring meetings with more
22	than two people (~12,000 events) and later shipped an internal meeting cost calculator that
23	embeds a dollar figure into every calendar invite — a typical 30-minute, 3-person meeting priced
24	between $700 and $1,600. The point was behavioral: people decline purchases they would have
25	accepted as invites.
26	- Industry surveys agree on the waste. Doodle's "State of Meetings" report estimated poorly
27	organized meetings cost businesses in the tens of billions annually across the US and UK alone;
28	Atlassian's long-running "you waste a lot of time at work" meeting statistics put the average
29	employee at ~31 hours per month in unproductive meetings. Exact figures vary by survey; the
30	direction never does.
31
32	## The refocus overhead (`--include-refocus`)
33
34	The invite says 30 minutes; the attention bill is larger. Gloria Mark's interruption research at
35	UC Irvine measured an average of about 23 minutes to return to the interrupted task after a
36	context switch (Gloria Mark, Daniela Gudith & Ulrich Klocke, "The Cost of Interrupted Work: More
37	Speed and Stress," CHI, 2008). A mid-morning meeting is an interruption for every attendee doing
38	focused work, which is why the calculator's `--include-refocus` flag adds 23 minutes per attendee
39	at the same hourly rate. It is an estimate — deliberately conservative (one refocus, not two) — and
40	it routinely doubles the sticker price of short meetings, which is the point.
41
42	## The gate: decision, agenda, owner
43
44	The calculator refuses a MEET verdict unless three things exist:
45
46	1. A decision (`--has-decision`). Andy Grove's taxonomy separates process meetings
47	(one-on-ones, staff reviews — scheduled, informational) from mission meetings, which exist to
48	produce a decision (Andrew S. Grove, High Output Management, Random House, 1983). An ad-hoc
49	meeting with no decision is a status update wearing a meeting's clothes — Grove's rule was that
50	a mission meeting that produces no decision is a failure of the chairman, not the attendees.
51	Status flows async: Amazon's practice replaces presentation meetings with a silently-read
52	six-page narrative memo, and its "two-pizza team" rule caps the audience — both documented across
53	Jeff Bezos's shareholder letters and his explanation that "PowerPoint-style presentations
54	somehow give permission to gloss over ideas."
55	2. An agenda (`--has-agenda`). Rogelberg's finding is blunt: agendas per se don't correlate
56	with meeting quality — prepared, question-shaped agendas do (see
57	[`agenda_discipline.md`](agenda_discipline.md)). The gate checks existence; the agenda builder
58	enforces quality.
59	3. An owner (`--has-owner`). Perlow et al. and Rogelberg converge here: someone must be
60	accountable for the meeting achieving its outcome and for follow-through afterwards. A meeting
61	nobody owns produces minutes nobody reads.
62
63	Missing the decision → ASYNC (the cheapest meeting is no meeting). Missing agenda or owner with
64	a real decision on the table → NOT-READY: the meeting may deserve to exist, but not yet.
65
66	## Why the verdict is ternary, not a score
67
68	A 0–100 "meeting quality score" invites negotiation. Three verdicts with hard edges do not:
69	ASYNC ends the conversation (write the memo), NOT-READY names exactly what to fix, and MEET prints
70	the invoice — total cost plus cost-per-minute — so the agenda's timeboxes get budgeted like money.
71	This mirrors Shopify's design insight: the number changes behavior only when it arrives before
72	the commitment is made.
73
74	## Sources
75
76	1. Leslie Perlow, Constance Noonan Hadley & Eunice Eun, "Stop the Meeting Madness," *Harvard
77	Business Review*, July–August 2017 (23 hrs/week; self-perpetuating meeting cultures).
78	2. Steven G. Rogelberg, The Surprising Science of Meetings, Oxford University Press, 2019
79	(meeting-science canon; pre-meeting levers dominate).
80	3. Shopify meeting-cost calculator + recurring-meeting purge, 2023 (cost surfaced in the invite;
81	~12,000 events deleted; widely covered, incl. Bloomberg/Reuters reporting).
82	4. Jeff Bezos, Amazon shareholder letters + public remarks (silent six-page narrative memo;
83	two-pizza team rule capping meeting size).
84	5. Doodle, "State of Meetings" report (survey-based estimate of the cost of poorly organized
85	meetings across US/UK).
86	6. Atlassian, "You Waste a Lot of Time at Work" meeting statistics (~31 unproductive meeting
87	hours/month per employee).
88	7. Andrew S. Grove, High Output Management, Random House, 1983 (meetings as the medium of
89	managerial work; process vs mission meetings; a decision-less mission meeting is a failure).
90	8. Gloria Mark, Daniela Gudith & Ulrich Klocke, "The Cost of Interrupted Work," CHI 2008
91	(~23-minute refocus after interruption — the basis of `--include-refocus`).

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